Scrutinizing the carbon credit system

Numerous Malagasy organizations, including the Collective for the Defense of Malagasy Lands, contend that the history and outcomes of studies on carbon offset projects in Madagascar fail to justify the country’s adoption of the carbon market to foster sustainable and inclusive growth.

In response to anticipated or observed climate change impacts, many nations have pledged to curb their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, notably carbon emissions. However, rather than altering consumption patterns to mitigate climate change, major GHG emitters are turning to carbon offsetting, Net Zero initiatives, and the carbon market : These countries purchase carbon credits from entities that eliminate or reduce carbon elsewhere.

Malagasy civil society is among those that denounce carbon offsetting as greenwashing, a tactic allowing companies to project a false image of environmental responsibility while perpetuating polluting activities. Moreover, it raises credibility concerns, as the certification system for carbon credits lacks reliability. In 2023, investigations revealed flaws in the credit calculation for numerous forest projects. While increasing the risk of deforestation, this calculation method creates incentives to grant large credits.

The initial carbon offset projects commenced on the Great Island in the mid-2000s, facilitated by collaboration between the Malagasy government and international donors or conservation organizations. Subsequently, pilot initiatives were launched in the Makira forest and as part of broader forest conservation endeavors.