Madagascar’s strategic assets

A large-scale shift to electric mobility presents a major challenge for Madagascar. The island, which heavily relies on fossil fuels for transportation and energy production, faces multiple hurdles before achieving electrification.

In an interview, the Head of State highlighted that the country’s energy production is largely driven by thermal power plants. This dependency creates significant financial strain. According to Radonirina Lucas Rabeari-manga, Director of Studies and Operations at the Malagasy Hydrocarbons Office (OMH), petroleum products make up 8 % of the country’s annual revenue and 27 % of customs duties.

A sudden shift to electric mobility would entail considerable revenue losses for public finances. The economic and energy costs of such a transition are also significant obstacles. To charge a fleet of 10,000 electric vehicles, around 10 MW of additional energy would be required, while energy consumption during the interseason period already stands at 40 MW. This added demand could intensify existing supply issues.

However, Madagascar has strategic advantages, particularly in its mineral resources. Graphite, essential for battery production, could become a significant economic asset if processed locally. Beyond mining, several factors are essential: appropriate regulation, substantial investment in green technologies, and the training of skilled personnel. On the island, the future of green mobility depends on a gradual, balanced approach.